What is the common name for retail theft?

The term "shoplifting" is the common name for retail theft. It specifically refers to the act of stealing goods from a retail establishment. This term encapsulates the behavior typically associated with taking items from a store without paying for them, making it the most widely recognized and used term in the context of theft within retail environments.

When considering the other options, "theft by deception" involves obtaining property through deceitful means, which is different from the straightforward act of removing items from a store. "Burglary" involves entering a building unlawfully with the intent to commit a crime inside, which is a more severe offense and does not specifically pertain to retail theft. "Fraud" refers to wrongful or criminal deception intended to result in financial or personal gain, also distinct from the act of simply stealing merchandise from a store. Thus, "shoplifting" is the appropriate term to describe retail theft accurately.